Combustion Definition in Chemistry

Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and an oxidizing agent that produces energy, usually in the form of heat and light. Combustion is considered an exergonic or exothermic chemical reaction. It is also known as burning. Combustion is considered to be one of the first chemical reactions intentionally controlled by humans. The reason combustion releases heat is because the double bond between oxygen atoms in O2 are weaker than the single bonds or other double bonds. So, although energy is absorbed in the reaction, it is released when the stronger bonds are formed to make carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). While the fuel plays a role in the energy of the reaction, its minor in comparison because the chemical bonds in the fuel are comparable to the energy of the bonds in the products. Mechanics Combustion occurs when a fuel and an oxidant react to form oxidized products. Typically, energy must be supplied to initiate the reaction. Once combustion starts, the released heat can make combustion self-sustaining. For example, consider a wood fire. Wood in the presence of oxygen in air does not undergo spontaneous combustion. Energy must be supplied, as from a lit match or exposure to heat. When the activation energy for the reaction is available, the cellulose (a carbohydrate) in wood reacts with oxygen in air to produce heat, light, smoke, ash, carbon dioxide, water, and other gases. The heat from the fire allows the reaction to proceed until the fire becomes too cool or the fuel or oxygen is exhausted. Example Reactions A simple example of a combustion reaction is the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to produce water vapor: 2H2(g) O2(g) → 2H2O(g) A more familiar type of combustion reaction is the combustion of methane (a hydrocarbon) to produce carbon dioxide and water: CH4 2O2 → CO2 2H2O which leads to one general form of a combustion reaction: hydrocarbon oxygen → carbon dioxide and water Oxidants The oxidation reaction may be thought of in terms of electron transfer rather than the element oxygen. Chemists recognize several fuels capable of acting as oxidants for combustion. These include pure oxygen and also chlorine, fluorine, nitrous oxide, nitric acid, and chlorine trifluoride. For example, hydrogen gas burns, releasing heat and light, when reacted with chlorine to produce hydrogen chloride. Catalysis Combustion isnt usually a catalyzed reaction, but platinum or vanadium may act as catalysts. Complete Versus Incomplete Combustion Combustion is said to be complete when the reaction produces a minimal number of products. For example, if methane reacts with oxygen and only produces carbon dioxide and water, the process is complete combustion. Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen for the fuel to convert completely to carbon dioxide and water. Incomplete oxidation of a fuel may also occur. It also results when pyrolysis occurs prior to combustion, as is the case with most fuels. In pyrolysis, organic matter undergoes thermal decomposition at high temperature without reacting with oxygen. Incomplete combustion may yield many additional products, including char, carbon monoxide, and acetaldehyde.

Essay on French Tourism - 871 Words

France is a country of beauty, mystery, and intrigue. Paris has the most known tourist attractions in the world: The Eiffel Tower, L’arc de Triomphe, and the Louvre to name a few. Paris is called the â€Å"City of Light†; the lighting of monuments and buildings emphasizes the beauty of the architecture in the city. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Eiffel Tower is the symbol of Paris, if not the entire country. It is one of the most known monuments in the entire world, and definitely one of the most photographed. It began construction in 1887, designed by the engineer Gustave Eiffel, and was finished in 1889 for the International Exhibition of Paris. It was build to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the French revolution. At first some†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;L’arc de Triomphe stands on the avenue of the Champs-Elysees in the Place de l’Etoile. It is a military monument that commenced building in 1806 and finished in 1936 to commemorate Napoleon’s victory in battles during the First Empire. The Prussians crossed it in 1871 and by Marshal Foch following the victory of 1919. It was claimed by the Nazis during the occupation in WW2. A flame burns at the base of the Arc, â€Å"The Flame of the Unknown Soldier†. It burns in memory of the unide ntified casualties from both world wars. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Notre-Dame Cathedral is located on l’Ile de la Cite, an island in the Seine River. The construction of the cathedral took less than 200 years, and commenced in 1160 by the orders of Bishop Maurice de Sully. The large cathedral is famous for its rose windows, which were removed during WW2 and reinstalled after the war ended to prevent them from being damaged. Services are still held there, despite it being a large tourist attraction. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Louvre Museum is one of the most known and largest museums of fine arts with over 75,000 paintings. Philip II Augustus built it in the 13th century, and it was originally designed as a fortress to defend the Seine River against the Normans and English. Charles V enlarged the chateau in the 14th century, and the style was abandoned in the 16th century to make way for a Renaissance style structure. InShow MoreRelatedCultural Heritage Of The French Tourism1513 Words   |  7 PagesTourism in France is an important activity, both for the French who choose to spend their holidays, and foreigners who come to stay. Thus, since 1990, France became the first tourist destination in the world. The tourist attraction of France is due to the large number and wide variety of points of interest, diversity of landscapes, the rich cultural and artistic heritage, the temperate climate and ease of access and transport infrastructure, but also the important equipment in th e country and variedRead MoreForeign Language Literacy And Its Effect On The Culture Of Cambodia1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The tourism sector is a large contributor to the growing economy of Cambodia. This industry is supported by the widespread literacy of various foreign languages that was adopted from their neighboring countries and its former colonizer. French was introduced to formal education during the independence period in 1960s. Currently, the second phase Upper Secondary Education curriculum requires 4 lessons of either English or French. 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Strengths Strong market position within group tourism industry Golden Dragon Chinese, Australian and seafood restaurant is the designated place for having meal when group tourism visit the Blue Mountains area, especially Chinese group tourism, because it has spacious space to accept around 180 people in the same time. There are two types of food can be offered by the restaurant, one is buffet, another is fine dining. For Chinese group tourism, buffet is the common choice, because the price is

Challenges of Bowhunting Free Essays

Mr. Hinson Challenges of Bow hunting Hunters everywhere are presented with a number of challenges that arise with each hunt. Bow hunters are no exception to this. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges of Bowhunting or any similar topic only for you Order Now In most cases, bow hunters are faced with many more challenges than someone hunting with a firearm. Some challenges include the extensive preparation that has to be done before each hunt, as well as being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose. The extensive preparation required to be a successful bow hunter is indeed an adequate challenge. Unlike hunting with a firearm, someone cannot walk blindly into a deer stand and stand a chance at harvesting a deer. One must prepare. The preparation should begin with finding a bow that â€Å"fits† the hunter, one they are comfortable with. Things must be adjusted to suit the one who will be hunting with it. Things like the draw weight which is the amount of weight require to pull the bow to â€Å"full draw’ so it can be shot. After this, the hunter should practice shooting this bow to develop proper form and muscle memory well before season. Not only must this be mastered, but the hunter has to be comfortable shooting from different ositions such as sitting down or standing up. But Wait! It gets better! One must know which positions are acceptable for the deer to be in for an ethical shot to be taken. For example, if a Touchton deer was shot in the same place quartering away as if it was standing broadside, the vitals would be missed. This is only one example of why someone must have sufficient practice shooting their bow. Moving on to the next step in prepping; Scouting. Scouting is essential to having a successful season. In this case, success is defined as harvesting mature deer, both bucks and doe. So how does one scout? Scouting is done by walking around the property which the hunter will hunt, looking for signs of deer activity. A few signs of deer activity are tracks, trails, and beddings areas. Once trails and feeding areas are located, trail cameras are usually placed along them to capture pictures and videos of the deer in the area. This allows the hunter to know the deer on the property. This in turn allows the deer to be â€Å"picked out† and patterned. Once a deer is picked and patterned, a stand has to be placed to give the hunter the best possible opportunity to harvest deer. Obviously, this is not a one day project. It actually takes a good bit of time. Another mentionable challenge is being cognizant of all of the different types of equipment that can be used in this sport. Let’s start with finding a bow. As I mentioned before, it important to find a bow that â€Å"fits† the hunter. One that has all of the specifications that hunter may want. So that’s all, right? Wrong. The right bow was found, but what about the necessary accessories? One crucial accessory would be the sights on the bow. Sights are tor aiming the bow, without them, a hunter would not hit what he or she was aiming at. Another piece of equipment of equal alue is a release. A release is what is used to release the bowstring to let the arrow fly. As with the sights, there are many to choose from. There are two main types of releases, a caliper and a thumb style. The best to get depends on who is asked. So Touchton it a preference. And what will be shot from this bow? That’s right, an arrow. Once again, there are many to be chosen from. Different arrows vary in strength, weight, dynamics, and so on. The right choice depends on the strength and speed of the bow it will be shot out of. Another important piece of equipment is the broad head. One should research thoroughly to determine the most reliable and effective one. Again, mainly a preference. There are fixed blade and mechanical broad heads. Fixed blades are Just what the name implies, they do not change during flight or impact. Mechanical broad heads however open upon impact, theoretically producing a larger wound channel. Now I am ready to hunt! Not so fast! Though stalking deer may be done, most chose to hunt deer from a tree stand or ground blind. The right type of stand depends solely on the preference of the hunter and the environment being hunted. Whether it be a Lock-on style, a climbing stand, a tree stand, or a ground blind. Along with knowing which stand to pick, knowing where to place it is a whole other challenge. It must be close enough to compensate for the limited range for a bow, but not too close so it alerts the game being hunted. As every bow hunter knows, this preparation takes months and no one step is more important than the other! Also, being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose is equally important. A hunter must have all of these things ready before opening day! How to cite Challenges of Bowhunting, Papers

Pride And Prejudice (926 words) Essay Example For Students

Pride And Prejudice (926 words) Essay Pride and PrejudicePride and PrejudiceOn pride and prejudice, which in your opinioncomes in for sharper criticism from Austen. Support your answer by referringto specific incidents and episodes. pride n., v., 1. high (or too high) opinionof ones own dignity, importance, worth, etc. 2. the condition or feelingof being proud. 3. a noble sense of what is due to oneself or ones positionor character; self respect; self esteem. prejudice n., v., 1. an opinion(usually unfavourable), formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought,or reason. 2. disadvantage resulting from some judgement or action of another. 3. the resulting injury or loss. We will write a custom essay on Pride And Prejudice (926 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In my opinion, pride comes in for the sharpercriticism by Austen. She has chosen to personify this trait in severalcharacters in Pride and Prejudice although it is hard to find one characterwho portrays prejudice alone, throughout the novel. When prejudice doesoccur in this novel, Jane Austen has shown it in the hands of a notoriouslyproud character. Because prejudice is not personified (ie. depicted asa major characteristic flaw) I believe that it was not to be the objectof Jane Austens sharper criticism. Jane Austen has depicted pride in her minor(functional) characters as a means of demonstrating its importance asa theme of this novel. Lady Catherine is one of the main offenders, herairs, arrogance and pride are fuelled by other characters like Mr Collinswho is put there to satire proud people and their followers. Another importantcharacter to note is Mr Darcy. He is an extremely important character inthis novel, a major character, and I think that the fact that he was perceivedto have been proud at the beginning of the novel by the reader, Elizabeth,and the community of the shire, and our perception, along with Elizabeth,of his character, has changed throughout the novel points to Jane Austenscriticism of pride and snobbery (insinuating that once pride is done awaywith (and along with it, prejudice) a character becomes much more favourable. (Note that Lady Catherine does not sway from her proud arrogant position,from beginning to end of the novel, this partly to provide a contrast betweenthe supposed arrogance of Mr Darcy at the beginning of the novel, and hisbehaviour by the end.)Throughout this novel we are shown thearrogant and haughty dispositions of the upperclass of this society. (Weare also shown the exceptions to the rule, namely Mr Bingley and Miss Darcy.)These people are exceedingly proud of their great fortunes and estatesand as a result of the emphasis at that time on monetary issues, they areprejudiced (and commit acts of prejudice) towards their financial, andsocial, inferiors. An example of this is the beginning of the novel,the ball, when Mr Darcy snubs Elizabeth Bennet in an act of prejudice. He refuses to dance with her on account of her not being handsome enoughto tempt me. After being described throughout the chapter as being theproudest, most disagreeable man in the world because he would not socialise(he danced only once with Mrs Hurst and once with Miss Bingley, declinedbeing introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening walkingabout the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party) his refusalto dance with Elizabeth Bennet is consistent with the rest of his snobberyand it is logical that he is slighting Elizabeth Bennet because he is excessivelyproud and does not feel that her handsomeness is worthy of his. .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 , .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .postImageUrl , .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 , .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:hover , .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:visited , .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:active { border:0!important; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:active , .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0 .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8700b19cd1e773ce28fd5c4273a61e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child abuse EssayAnother example of proud character executingprejudice on an inferior candidate is Miss Bingley and Mr Darcys conspiracyagainst Mr Bingley and Miss Bennets courtship and inevitable marriage. Together, Mr Darcy and Miss Bingley decide that Mr Bingley and Jane arenot suited and therefore should not be married because Janes backgroundis not worthy of Mr Bingleys rich, socially handsome estate. Firstly,Mr. Darcy influences Bingley to leave Netherfield, then Miss Bingley failsto tell him of Janes prescence in London (although she knows that it wouldbe of great interest to him.) It is because of their pride, and their warpperception of their own, and in this case their brother or friends pride,that influences to think they would be doing the right thing by keepingJane and Mr. Bingley apart. Lady Catherines bullyin of Elizabeth (atthe end of the novel) in an effort to dissuade her from marrying Darcyis a result of her feeling that her own daughter was entitled to Mr. Darcymore than Elizabeth (who was not worth as much socially or in monetaryvalue.) She argues are the shades of Pemberley to be thus polluted? Thisis an act of extreme arrogance stemming from her prejudice against Elizabeth. Lady Catherine, as a result of her pride, believes she is more importantthan everyone and that everyone else should respect and honour them (inthis case Elizabeth) by rejecting a proposal from a man who she loves andwho loves her. This obscene assumption on Lady Catherines behalf is asa result of her prejudice towards the Bennets because of their lower income,and social status. The prejudice against them for such a reason is rootedin her own arrogant pride. In the case of the characteristics prideand prejudice (two key themes of the novel) I think that pride comes infor the sharper criticism by Jane Austen. I think this because of her personificationof pride (in characters like Lady Catherine) and the fact that the prejudicewhich does occur in the novel is accompanied by, if not rooted in pride. Through the incidents spoken on above, prejudice has been shown to be aresult of arrogant pride and because it is an underlying emotive in theprejudiced actions of the characters I feel it is more sharply criticised.

Maupassants short story comparison

â€Å"Boule de Suif† is a short story by Guy Maupassant. Translated, â€Å"Boule de Suif† means ‘Ball of Fat’ and it is used in reference to the title characters’ physical characteristics. This short story is often considered to be one of Maupassant’s best works.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maupassant’s short story comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The short story was published as part of Maupassant’s â€Å"Les Soirà ©es de Medan† short story collection. â€Å"Boule de Suif† was published in 1880, the period after the French were defeated in the Franco-Prussian War. â€Å"Boule de Suif† is a story about the different classes of the French people at the time and Society’s hypocrisy. The story is about Elizabeth Rousette, a prostitute who has the nick name of Boule De Suif. According to the narrator, Rousette is  "Short and round, fat as a pig, with puffy fingers constricted at the joints, looking like rows of short sausages†¦ much sought after, owing to her fresh and pleasing appearance† (Maupassant 10). The story is about ten city residents who are fleeing from Le Havre. The group is made up of people from different classes including shop owners, factory owners, and nuns. The respected citizens of the city are not comfortable with the idea of travelling together with Boule de Suif the ‘lowly prostitute’. However, when the other travelers learn that Boule has packed food, they all warm up to her. The coach is then stopped in a German-occupied village where the top soldier refuses to let it go unless he receives sexual favors from Boule. Boule strongly refuses this arrangement but she finally agrees just to set her fellow travelers free. However, the rest of the travelers repay her by isolating her and refusing to share their food with her. Consequently, Boule de Suif is outraged by the hypocrisy of the citizens and she is overcome by emotions. Maupassant’s story features insightful character descriptions and a well laid out dialogue. In addition, the author exhibits great skill when describing scenes in his story. The most dominant themes in this story are hypocrisy, class conflict, appearances, and reality.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story’s title character finds herself at the receiving end of hypocrisy and class-based judgment. The other passengers feel that Boule’s status does not warrant her the privilege of traveling with their kind. However, when they are in need of food and Boule is the only one who has some, their feelings towards her change. The narrator of this story remarks that Boule de Suif â€Å"felt at once indignant with her neighbors, and humiliated at having yielded to the Prussian int o whose arms they had so hypocritically cast her† (Maupassant 40). This happened after Boule had returned to the couch after giving in to the German Commander’s demands. This line marks the point at which the story turns around. Both Boule and the readers were expecting a different reaction from the rest of the travelers given that Boule had just granted them their wish. However, the author chooses to use this scene to highlight the collective hypocrisy of the society. All the other travelers represent different classes in the society and none of them expresses a different opinion. According to Maupassant, the society advocates for patriotism but ends up sacrificing the patriots. Boule had just given up her dignity for the sake of her countrymen but they repay her by isolating her. â€Å"Boule de Suif† bears similarities with other Maupassant’s literary works. Most of Maupassant’s works addressed the social and political issues in nineteenth century France. â€Å"The Necklace† is a short story by Guy Maupassant that tells the story of an ambitious woman who borrows a necklace from an affluent woman only to lose it. There are some striking similarities between â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"Boule de Suif†.Both â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"Boule de Suif† were published in the same period. Therefore, both stories were meant for the same audience and addressed social issues that happened within the same period. When one is reading both â€Å"Boule de Suif† and â€Å"The Necklace†, several recurring aspects of Maupassant’s literary style are noticeable. The most notable ‘Maupassant factor’ in both stories is the similarity of the stories’ themes. The theme of class conflict is highlighted in both stories.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maupassant’s short story comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Madam Loise belongs to the lower bourgeoisie. In the traditional French society, the lower bourgeoisie was better off than the laborers and tradesmen but it was below the ruling class. The author uses the same approach in â€Å"Boule de Suif† where Boule belongs to the lowest class, the merchants belong to the lower bourgeoisie, and the factory owners belong to the upper bourgeoisie. On the other hand, Carrà ©-Lamadon the Comte and Comtesse of Brà ©ville belong to the aristocratic or ruling class. When the travelers are in the coach, the issues of class keep coming up. The other similarity in style between the two stories is the heavy use of irony as a stylistic device. In both stories, the use of irony plays a major part in highlighting the main themes in the stories. Another similarity touches on the use of non-partisan third-person narrator. Both stories are told through the use of an omniscient narrator. The narrators in â€Å"The Necklaceâ₠¬  and â€Å"Boule de Suif† are able to see into the characters’ inner thoughts. Works Cited Maupassant, Guy. Boule de Suif, and other Stories, New York, NY: Harper, 1909. Print. This essay on Maupassant’s short story comparison was written and submitted by user Valentin Sweeney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Leadership Styles Essays

Leadership Styles Essays Leadership Styles Essay Leadership Styles Essay Leadership Styles LDR/531 Organizational Leadership Leadership Styles Leaders have a â€Å"the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals† (Robbins Judge, 2007, p. 402). In the past leaders have been described by certain traits or characteristics. These traits can help an organization identify potential candidates who may be strong leaders. Later behavior approaches of leaders were identified that could be taught. In short, leaders could be made. Situations have an impact on which leader behaviors will be most effect at any given time. Several contingency theories have been formulated over the years to identify how situations influence leadership behavior. Each style has strengths and weaknesses. An effective leader can identify and evaluate a situation to determine which style will produce the ideal outcome of performance and satisfaction within a given industry. A leader’s traits and behaviors can reveal a leaders potential effectiveness in various situations. Situational moderator variables can either enhance or hinder a leader’s ability to be effective in a given situation. Contingency Theories of leadership explain â€Å"leadership effectiveness in terms of situational moderator variables† (Yuki, 2006, p. 214). The six major contingency theories include: leader substitutes theory, LPC contingency model, path-goal theory, situational leadership theory, multiple-linkage theory, and cognitive resources theory. â€Å"LPC contingency model describes how the situation moderates the relationship between leadership and a trait measure called the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) score† (Yuki, 2006, p. 215). A leader with a high LPC score tends to be more people-oriented. Their initial goal or motivator is to establish relationships with the people he or she works with. A leader with a low LPC score is more task-oriented. Their primary objective is to complete the task objectives. Path-goal theory of leadership explains how leader behavior influences subordinate performance and satisfaction (Yuki, 2006). These aspects are dependent on given task and subordinate characteristics. Dependent on the situation a leader can use a supportive, directive, participative or achievement-oriented behavior type to motivate subordinates to achieve higher performance levels. Situational leadership theory â€Å"specifies the appropriate type of leadership behavior for different levels of subordinate maturity in relation to the work† (Yuki, 2006, p. 223). For less mature subordinates may require a leader to be more task and directive-oriented to provide guidance that will help mature the individual. Mature subordinates require less task-oriented structures and work best when a leader uses a relation-oriented method. Multiple-linkage model includes four variables: managerial, intervening, criterion, and situational (Yuki, 2006). This model describes â€Å"the interacting effects of managerial behavior and situational variables on the intervening variables that determine the performance of a work unit† (Yuki, 2006, p. 228). The six intervening variables are task-commitment, ability and role clarity, organization of work, cooperation and mutual respect, resources and support, and external coordination. These variables are interdependent. To maximize the effectiveness of a group, a balance of each variable is critical. A situation can affect the variables, regardless of leader involvement. A leader’s role is to correct any deficiencies. Cognitive resource theory analyzes the situations in which intelligence and experience are linked to group performance (Yuki, 2006). â€Å"The performance of a leader’s group is determined by complex interaction among two leader traits (intelligence and experience), one type of behavior (directive leadership), and two aspects of leadership situation (interpersonal stress and the nature of the group† (Yuki, 2006, p. 236). Under highly stressful situations, leaders rely on experience. In lower stressed situations, leaders will rely on intelligence. Yuki (2006) identifies there different leadership behaviors or styles: task-oriented, people or relations-oriented and participative leadership. Leadership styles have a major impact on productivity and satisfaction. If a leader is too task-oriented, productivity may be high, but he or she runs the risk of decreasing satisfaction among employees. Extreme people-oriented leadership behaviors can produce higher levels of satisfaction but at the cost of lower productivity. Leaders need to identify a balance that work within the given task and conditions to maximize productivity and satisfaction. Task-oriented leaders will plan, schedule, and coordinate subordinate work. This leadership style focuses on providing the individual with the tools and resources he or she may need to complete the task. Realistic challenging performance goals are created to motivate individuals. These types of leaders thrive in accounting, customer service, and sales departments. Relations-oriented leadership styles provide subordinates with support, trust, appreciation, and confidence. For example, Camille Roberts is an experienced engineering manager who is new to the organization. As the new manager, she feels it will be best to refrain from using a task-oriented leadership style. The relations-oriented leadership style is her strong suit, which is why she took the position. She was comfortable with the idea of entering a position within an established organization and team that was in need of a modified approach to motivate employees. This leadership style works best with experienced subordinates, especially those whose focus is project work, such as engineers. Participative leadership style is more of a support role. This type of leadership style is ideal for higher level executives and managers. This involves less one-on-one supervision. Group participation is encouraged. â€Å"The role of the manager in group meetings should be primarily to guide the discussion and keep it supportive, constructive, and oriented toward problem solving† (Yuki, 2006, p. 54). Participative leadership does not remove managers from the equation. Managers will still be held for all decisions and the results. The challenge of the task and relations-oriented leadership styles is finding a balance. A task-oriented leader completes the job but a cost to his or her subordinates. This type of leadership style, in some cases can be seen as cold, calculated, and overbearing. However, in the right setting, this leadership style is ideal. For inexperienced employees, a task-oriented style is an ideal way to learn. By providing a clear understanding of what is expected, how it should be completed, and under what circumstances, the manager is building a foundation of standards that an employee will be able to use throughout his or her career within the organization. A manager who is too relation-oriented can result in a loss of position power and set the wrong pace within the work environment. Applied correctly, the relations-oriented leadership style will motivate and encourage employees. Yuki (2006) states, â€Å"a manager should treat each subordinate in a supportive was that will build and maintain a person’s sense of personal worth and importance. † A successful leader may possess certain traits that embody what most consider a great leader. However, this does not mean a person must be born a leader. Leadership behaviors can be taught. The proper application of these behaviors within a given situation determines how successful that leader will be. Every situation embodies aspects that warrant consideration to identify which leadership style will produce the desired end result. An effective leader can evaluate the situation, modify his or her leadership style based on its strengths and weaknesses to maximize productivity and satisfaction. References Robbins, S. P. , Judge, T. A. (2007). Organizational behavior (12th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Yuki, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

International political economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International political economy - Assignment Example Sticking to diplomacy considering the permanency of Russia as a member of the UN might though appear tricky even if the General Assembly were to pass non-binding resolutions on Russia. Therefore, what options could the West have against Russia in regard to the invasion on Ukraine? Could fiscal policy restrictions be more feasible than corporate policy sanction? What else could be done, should Russia choose to ignore the sanctions leveled against it as has currently been seen? Through fiscal means, the West has managed to isolate Russia by freezing the assets of most of its prominent personalities including that of President Putin and his close allies. Consequently, travel bans have been issued against these people and still much is still needed. Before engaging into war, trade restrictions must seem like the most feasible sanction that the West has left against Russia. In instances that it has been able to, the Western countries are isolating Russia such the cancellation of the G8 meeting and suspending Russia membership in the same. However, the option of exploration of economic sanctions in themselves might turn to hurt the Western economy considering the numerous trade allies it has with Russian firms. This pegs the concept on whether the West should just watch and wait for Russia to fall back into

WST Abstract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WST Abstract - Essay Example Changing the perception of women as leaders can lead to more cooperation, increase innovation and profits in all workplaces where the women will be given a chance to lead. Creating role models and steps necessary to motivate and encourage young women to join leadership positions will help kill the stereotypes that only men can take some job positions. This will not only balance gender in top leadership jobs but also give women a chance to exercise and deploy their skills in success of the economy. It will also give them a chance to prove to the world that women can also do whatever men can do. Creating more women leader will address gender parity regarding to transition from college to workplaces. A larger percentage of women graduate from colleges worldwide but these percentages are not translated to workplaces. This simply because girls are discouraged from being aggressive, ambitious, taking risks and self-advocacy. This explains why the best brains among women, upon exit from college do not get those top jobs across all the sectors. Creating an environment for women to thrive enables others to understand that success of women is not based on luck but on working hard. Women may have not been able to get into top jobs in the past but empowering them and making them understand that failure is not lack of ability; it is because of lack of opportunity and a good environment for them to thrive as men. In conclusion, it’s clear that gender racialized economic injustice in our modern society can be encountered by empowering women, motivating them and creating an environment for more women to join leadership. Studies have shown that women make better managers and make business thrive. So, empowering more women to join leadership not only solves the racialized economic injustice but also make businesses to

Elasticity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Elasticity - Research Paper Example Most of the strategies are designed to overcome the ‘elasticity’ factor. Availability of credit being the important element in the scheme, the seller’s ability to arrange finance for the consumers to buy their product plays an important role with the highly developed financial services sector to-day. Exchange rates and interest rates are the important considerations while buying on credit. The supply side constraints on account of events such as monsoon failure, industrial unrest and natural disasters and the regulation of supply through collusion under monopolistic conditions vitiate the market conditions. The pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of the protection given under patents fix the prices at exorbitant levels for their products, the demand for which are inelastic in nature. This paper seeks to analyze elasticity of demand from a comprehensive perspective. Key words: Elasticity, Demand, Price, Branding & Marketing. ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Price Elastic ity of Demand Law of demand states that other things being equal, the quantity demanded extends with a fall in price and contracts with a rise in price. (Mandal, 2007, p. 73) Under the dynamic market conditions, there are several factors which may influence the demand irrespective of change in price. Apart from the accepted exceptions such as prestige goods consumed by rich people which forms the basis for conspicuous consumption and speculative goods like shares where the demand will be more when the prices rise and demand for hoarding purposes due to scarcity or hyper inflation, technically the law of demand does not apply to necessaries of life where the demand is said to be inelastic. Robert Giffen discovery could be the real exception in this case. He found that poor people will demand more of inferior goods if their prices rise. They reduce their expenditure on superior goods to conserve their little income to spend more on inferior goods. The quantum of change is explained by elasticity of demand or rate of change. The ratio of a relative change in quantity to a relative change in price is called as elasticity. Mankiw states that economists compute the price elasticity of demand as the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. That is, Percentage change in quantity demanded Price elasticity of demand = ----------------------------------------------------- Percentage change in price (2012, p.91) The concept of price elasticity of demand is the primary force behind the innovations that we have witnessed during the last few decades. For instance, rising cost of fuel has forced the car companies to manufacture fuel efficient cars. The rise in fuel cost has been compensated by the increased mileage provided by the cars. (Annexure I) Hughes, Knittel, & Sperling concluded in their study that â€Å"results suggest that technologies and policies for improving vehicle fuel economy may be increasingly important in reduc ing U.S. gasoline consumption." (2006)The same concept leads the car manufacturers to concentrate their attention on electric cars. The depleting natural resources and their increasing cost make the industrialists to concentrate on alternative renewable energy sources. The price elasticit

Samsung electronics success by design

Samsung electronics success by design INTRODUCTION: A Technology-driven company like Samsung Electronics uses product design as a tool to improve their products characteristics helping them to achieve a competitive edge within the market. For many of the world leading companies design plays a fundamental role in their success, for them to have a good design will make their products better, quicker and cheaper. If a company can achieve this, they can keep their production costs down, but this can also allow them to charge a higher premium price for the successfully designed product. Consumer Purchase Decisions Do consumers make their purchase decisions solely based on the design aspect of a product? Does having a good designed product in the market place encourage the consumer to buy? Successful design is a way to exceed the users expectations, keep them happy, this will encourage the consumer to purchase, come back again and recommend products to others. Design makes a persons life better by improving the quality of their interactions with the environment. Design is a reflective conversation, a dialogue with a situation that involves people and their needs for artefacts that arise in their relationship with the global environment. (Gowen, n.d) Consumers purchase products that interest them, products that they are aware of, products that get their attention. Good design can improve the visual appeal, functionality or usability for a product delighting the consumer who merely expects to have their functional requirements fulfilled convincing them to purchase the product. A designed product can also appeal to the consumers emotional needs. People want fast cars: Ferrari, Lamborghinis, designer watches: Rolex, Breitlings that they will likely want to open their wallets and buy the product, but only a few will as this type of product is a luxury item in a niche market. The consumer is emotionally attached to the product but will be less likely to buy these types of items because of the cost. Consumers buy based on the benefits the product brings them, a product that they perceive as having a value, a product that meets their needs. Design can also allow the control of an outcome. Will the consumer buy the product or not? A good design will arouse desire, engenders loyalty and forms indelible emotional bonds with the consumer. Once the consumer is emotionally interested in a brand they are convinced that they cant live without it. A Consumer is more likely to buy a product that appeal to both their functional and emotional sides. To achieve this companies brand their products through their design to make them sell, offering customers something extra. A successfully designed product applies the power of the brand. One of Samsung Electronics initiatives was to globally brand their products through their Global Brand Communication Strategy. A strong brand identity encourages consumers to trust existing products and to try new ones. The brand gives a consistent message about the company and its products and services to the end user. A Consumer is more likely to purchase a product or range of products which have a reliably design, a good brand. The awareness of a brand in the design process enables the effective translation of the company brand into the retail environment and customer experience. A good example of a product that appeals to both their functional and emotional sides of the consumer is the iPod from Apple. In the market place there are many hard-drive based MP3 players available to the consumer. Apple is able to dominate the market through their product design whilst selling its products at a significant price premium. Apple to date consistently produces a sleek and luxurious iPod design that portrays the power of their brand. Apple have made the MP3 player be more than a functional purchase, they have made it an emotional purchase. A consumer is constantly engaged with design, sometimes without even realising. Every time a consumer carries out a task, checks their emails, go to their local supermarket someone has designed the experience you are having whether you have purchased a product or not. Successful design improves our day to day experiences by going beyond somethings functionality to make things look, feel, sound and work better. The design of a product has values, beliefs, and the opportunity to make a difference to the life of the consumer and will always be an important aspect in their purchasing decisions. But the design will not always be the main reason for the consumer to choose which product they purchase. The cost and quality of a product and the technology used will always be a huge factor for the consumer to consider and will almost always be defined by the type of product and the purpose for buying the product. But as we advance into the twentieth century will not consumers expect a good design product? Walter Herbst, CEO of the product-design firm Herbst LaZar Bell, once said, Good design is not good enough anymore. (The Power of Design, 2007) Design and Technology Samsung Electronics is a global leader in more than sixty different products with their main business focus in the areas of Digital Media, Semiconductor technology, the telecommunication Network, and LCD Digital Appliances. As a business Samsung Electronic centre their efforts on producing these types of high technology products. The consumer uses the design of a product as one their main influential factors when purchasing these types of products. But does the consumer again apply the same thought process when buying a low technology product? A product that is referred to as having a low level of technology will usually have been developed many years ago. Low-tech products can be purchased today but will work in the same manner as product that was manufactured 25 years ago. A good example of this is a manual tin can opener. Consumers everyday are still buying low-tech products. The manual tin can opener can be found in the kitchen in many of our homes, but for a product that has a simplistic design does the consumer still base their purchase decision on the design of the tin can opener or is it the cost that sways their decision? Is it the operation of the tin can opener that the consumer is interested in? But can not the way that the tin can opener function be referred to as the design? In todays modern society ascetics sensibilities are relevant to all products, regardless of their function (Holbrook, 1980; Holbrook and Anand, 1992; Holbrook and Zerlin, 1985). When a consumer is in the market for a low tech product the price must surely be an important reason for purchasing a product. If is understandably when a consumer purchases a high-tech product that they will pay a premium because of its technology. When given a choice between two products, equal in price and function, target consumers buy the one that they consider to be more attractive (Kotler and Rath,1984; Nussbaum, 1988). When a consumer purchases a product do they understand the difference between a high-tech and low-tech product. Low-tech products are not highly differentiated (Shapiro, Slywotzky and Doyle, 1997) and a differentiated product is evaluated and understood buy the consumer differently than undifferentiated products. This may suggest that the consumer evaluates low-tech products, which are likely to be undifferentiated, differently than they evaluate high-tech products. When the consumer makes their buying decision they evaluate high and low technology products differently to one and other but for both will usually make design the differentiator between competitor products. The design plays an important role in the success of a product and generates desirable consumption experience and favourably influences subsequent consumer behaviour. Consumers do not buy products for sensible, value-for-money reasons. The consumer purchases a product because they like it and the product appeals to them and makes them feel good. Therefore this changes the way in which a business advertises their product with less focus on product features and more on the design and lifestyle that the user can enjoy. Purchasing a designed product is more than buying its function. It is buying into a vision of one self as one would like to be. Samsungs Design Delivery Process and Design Capabilities Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd is a Korea-based consumer electronics company that has worked hard to refine its focus and alter its business strategies. Today, Samsung is one of the most successful global corporations, with high sales and earnings through its innovative technological design. In the 1990s Kun-Hee Lee (Group Chairman) made the decision to adopt design and use design as a differentiator and for competitive advantage. To do this Kun-Hee Lee (Lee) wanted to redesign Samsungs systems and processes to improve their design delivery process. This initiated a new management era for Samsung to open digital frontiers all over the world. The leadership of Lee has been a key to Samsungs success making Samsung one of the fastest growing brands. Samsung started its journey towards design excellence in 1993 and had its first design revolution in 1996. At the beginning of Samsungs design initiative they sent 17 of their designers to the Art Centre College of Design in California USA. This would broaden the designers ideas about design and help them to be creative. For Samsung this will help their employees to provide design solutions and to understand the process of product design commercialization. Samsung later hired the service of two consultants to help them start a design school to train their designers. In a constantly evolving, consumer electronics business Samsungs survival depends on their employees having the right skills to keep their products at the cutting edge of design and technology. The in-house school gave its designers the tools and confidence to risk think differently, it was vital for Samsung to pinpoint the right training for their employees through their own design school. Samsung also tried to incorporate Korean values into their designs. A cultural identity was important for Samsung to meet the emotional needs of their customers. Cultural values are, regarded to as the governing ideas and guiding principles for thought and action in a given society and a powerful force shaping consumers motivation, lifestyles and product choices (Tse, D., R. W. Belk, et al. 1989). Further to this Samsung introduced a common design language where all product characteristics were to have consistent features and high levels of convenience. This would give the designers a common goal and help them to speak with fellow designers about their designs. In 1996 Samsung engaged the services of Design Consultant, Tom Hardy to help improve their design capabilities. Hardy would assume the role of Corporate Design Advisor. Hardy was a design strategist and the creator of the Verbal-Visual Framework (VVF) methodology, his consulting work involved strategic brand design direction for Samsung intergrading business strategy to improve the customers desire for the product. To Improve Samsungs design capabilities the company also started sending their senior designers abroad to expand their knowledge and help them to come up with new ideas. They sent their designers to different diverse industries such as cosmetics, furniture and fashion to encourage different thought patterns enabling them to think outside of the box. Samsung also opened six design centres worldwide which included research centres and design labs to help improve their design capabilities and encourage a global perspective. This changed Samsungs engineering-driven culture; the designers had to find a way to put their boxes around the engineers devices. In todays environment, designers often come up with product innovation, who then asks engineers to put their devices inside the designers boxes. Lees design vision for Samsung was to create a design friendly culture to improve customer services and corporate spirit that contributes to the well being of society. This helped to change Samsungs management and employees mind set of their product design from quantity to quality. To improve Samsungs international design capabilities they also sent their designers on a world wide tour to help them understand the global market and expand their way of thinking. An overseas specialist course nurtured for the excellence of their employees. Lee also broke down the Confucian hierarchies at Samsung. Designers were freed from dress codes and other constraints that hinder creativity. Lee also let younger designers take a larger role and encouraged them to challenge their superiors. All designers worked in common areas with hardly any segregation; functions were collaborated to improve functional communication. This improved team building and encouraged individuals to speak their mind and discuss their design ideas, team meetings were regularly held to assess new products and evaluate designs. The company also introduced the new position of Chief Design Officer to give greater voice for the design function. Since re-designing Samsungs systems and processes to improve their design delivery process, Lee had more than doubled the ranks of Samsungs designers by bringing more than 300 new recruits which was helped with a vastly increased design budget. Samsung brought a lot of change to its people, processes and systems to improve its design delivery process to have greater design capabilities and a better design philosophy, since this change the Korean company has won 19 citations in the prestigious Industrial Design Excellence Awards (IDEA). Samsung spend a lot of time and money to achieve design excellence but which part of Lees new management design initiative had the greatest impact on improving their design capabilities? Before Samsung could become a world leader they needed good designers and the right people to achieve this, hence Samsungs educational approach to improve their design capabilities. Training their employees to be capably of good designs defiantly gave them an advantage over the competition which also helped them to develop and attract new people to the organisation. The design school could help their employees to learn and understand the company core values and the vision that Samsung were trying to portrait. The design school would have had a critical impact on Samsungs successful product design; it would have enabled the designers to learn from other designs and each other. The designers would have learnt how to evaluate the quality of the product and how to maintain the quality throughout the design delivery process. If is important for the designer to identify the characteristics of a product that make it either a failure or a success. By educating in house Samsung would have also been able to control its quality assurance process better and reduce warranty issues. The design school would have helped the designers to study different products with similar features, through identification, analysis and evaluation before starting their design making the design capable of success with a competitive advantage of the competition. The design school would of increased experience and knowledge of Samsungs designers through the broad educational background of Samsungs design consultants which w ould have helped to educate and provide answers to diverse technical design problems. The design consultants would provided invaluable experience to the design delivery process. A part of Samsungs educational program was to also send their designers on a world wide tour. This was the start of Samsung becoming a global company. It is important for Samsung to have key personnel with global competencies giving them the ability to understand foreign cultures and design. Another key part of Lees new management design initiative which had a huge impact on improving their design capabilities was the change in design culture of the company. Lee achieved this by incorporating Korean values into their designs to meet the emotional needs of their customers, and broke down the Confucian hierarchies at Samsung. Samsung also introduced worldwide design centres to change Samsungs engineering-driven culture. Business Culture brings together the techniques and strengths of a business helping it to think with the creativity and dynamism of the cultural world. Having a good culture at Samsung would have exploited their full potential and help to realize their aspirations. In todays social and economic market there is a huge advantage in having business culture to develop greater communication and global strategies to achieve good design capabilities. Samsung brought a lot changes into their design delivery process and all would have played a vital part in their success. To improve a companies design capabilities people, the designers, is key to the success. Nothing can be achieved in todays climate without good people. For a company to have good people they need skills and education. Having a dedicate Design School to educate your people also had a great impact in helping the company improve its design capabilities. The Future of Design The term design recently has become the buzz word for many people. Consumers are increasingly assessing products they buy on the basis of the design. In Corporate businesses like Samsung and even in small firms design is increasingly understood to give a company a competitive edge. A good design will also aid in improving production processes. But as we move into the future will there be a time where design would cease to be a useful differentiator? There is an Increasing awareness of the meaning of design and what design actually is and what can the design industry offer. In todays economy many managers of business organizations need to be convinced of the business case for making investments in design. Many managers believe that the costs of the initial design investment will not be paid back through sales. But a designed product is usually matched sufficiently by increased revenue and sales paying back the initial costs. The graph below represents a study carried out by the British Design Council of the share prices of 166 UK design-led companies. The companies were grouped; Design Portfolio represented 63 companies who were chosen for their consistent showing in various design award schemes and Emerging Portfolio represented 103 companies whose awards success approached that of the Design Portfolio. If can be seen from the graph that both outperformed the FTSE All Share and FTSE100 which represent about 81% of the market capitalisation of the whole London Stock Exchange. Companies like Apple and Samsung that use design for there future initiatives would greatly help the business case in making design investments and back the employing of professional designers. The design process can be very complex and successful design rests upon future investments in methods, techniques, education, people and time as seen from Samsung. The start of the design era is relatively resent and the future of the design industry itself can take many forms and may be likely to develop. Many global manufacturers carry out their design work internally in their own design departments and are the leaders in the design industry. As they carry out their design work in house there may be no need for them to hire designers from outside which may have an effect on the future of smaller designer firms. But on the other hand this will cause the global corporations to build up larger in-house design departments and increase their staff. As we move into the future surely design will become more complicated and can no longer be simply or a product add-on. Instead design should be seen as having a good competitive characteristic for all products and services. All businesses want to compete in the market place and thrive on huge sales and profits, they want to sell the best product and want their customers to be amazed by their design. If this carries on happening at a global scale the design industry will grow to extend where design will always be the differentiator to the consumer. This would also create more jobs in the design sector. Many companies carry out research on consumer spending and analyze future technologies, this helps anticipate future consumer needs and to determine future design requirements. While regular market and research data can help to identify consumer needs and future trends in order to determine future design requirements, specific future focused trend analysis is often used. This type of analysis will intend to include consumer behaviour, product preferences, new service needs and social, economic or environmental changes. For design to be a useful differentiator in the future, consumers need to be spending money on new products and the development of new technologies is needed to be able to design new products. As years pass more products will start to become the same, and then it will become more important for products to be different. Good product design can help manufacturers to differentiate their products from their competitors and also define and reinforce the companys brand. Norio Ohga, Chairman and CEO, Sony said At Sony, we assume all products of our competitors will have basically the same technology, price and performance, and features. Design is the only thing that differentiates one product from the other in the market place. In the future things will start to change, tighter regulations will be put upon companies to design products to tighter requirements that are recyclable and reparably. Due to the environmental issues with pollution longer product lifetimes will be needed through more advanced design giving a better quality product. In the Future businesses must be able to take new design platforms to the next level and provide product life-cycle management and operational project execution. Businesses must be in the position to accept new technology and be able to integrated new methodologies, processes and systems. Failure to do so will low down the new and modern future of design. Today and in the future design will always offer considerable benefits to businesses, consumers and products and will help them to:  § Increase the perceived value of the product  § Increase the aesthetic and visual quality of the product  § Improve the ease of manufacture for the product  § Reduce impacts on the environment  § Improve the ability for business to market their product  § Enhance corporate vision and successful branding for the product Design will always be a useful differentiator for the consumer as Design is the planning that lays the basis for the making of every object or system. For design to cease as a useful differentiator the world would have to stop producing products. In price sensitive industries the design will act as a differentiator but may not be the main differentiator for the consumer. In the future design will not cease to be a useful differentiator, but design will change as technology becomes more advanced. REFERENCES: Active Knowledge Modelling (April 2009) The Future of Product Design and Life Cycle Management, [www] Available: (www.activeknowledgemodeling.com/2009/04/24/the-future-of-product-design-and-life-cycle-management/) [11 December 2009] Bloch, Peter. H (1995) Seeking the Ideal Form: Product Design and Consumer Response, Journal of Marketing, July 1995, Vol.59, pp. 16-29. Fast Company, (Dec, 2007) The Power of Design [www] Available: (http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/95/open_design-index.html) [9 December 2009] Gowen, Melanie (n.d) To Make a Difference by Design, [www] Available: (http://blog.genuinedesign.com/?p=34) [11 December 2009] Kellar, Gregory M. (Feb, 2003) An information theoretic approach to modelling customer satisfaction for low-tech industrial offerings, Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, Feb, p. 1. Kester, David (2004). The Impact of Design on Stock Market Performance, an Analysis of UK Quoted Companies 1994-2003, Design Council (http://www.designcouncil.org.uk) [13 December 2009] The Free Library (n.d) An information theoretic approach to modelling customer satisfaction for low-tech industrial offerings, [www] Available: (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/An+information+threoretic+approach+to+modeling+customer+satisfaction+-a0113563622) [11 December 2009] Tse, D., R. W. Belk, et al. (1989) Becoming a consumer society: A longitudinal and cross-cultural content analysis of print ads from Hong Kong, the Peoples Republic of China, and Taiwan Journal of Consumer Research, 15, March, pp.457-472. Chitturi, Ravindra (2009) Emotions by Design: A Consumer Perspective International Journal of Design, Vol.3, No.2, 2009.

Balance Between Sense and Sensibility in Jane Austens Northanger Abbey

Balance Between Sense and Sensibility in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey Throughout her novel, Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen integrates parody with characterization to emphasize the necessity of a balance between sense and sensibility while reflecting a theme of the initiation of a young woman into the complexities of adult social life. This novel can be traced back as one of Jane Austen's earliest works. It was written in 1798, but not published until 1818, and is an excellent example of what Austen believed a novel should not be. In the work Jane Austen's Novels Social Change and Literary Form, Julia Prewitt Brown states "The evident purpose of Northanger Abbey is to burlesque the popular fiction of her day, to carry its conventions and assumptions to an absurd extravagance" (50.) To achieve her purpose Austen uses parody to portray a comic version of a gothic novel while presenting false emotions of romanticism and concentrating on pure human beings and their mutual reactions. "The writer of the pure novel sets out to delight us not by prodigality of invention, the creation of a large gallery of characters, the alternation of a large number of contrasted scenes, but by attention to the formal qualities of composition, to design, to the subordination of the parts to the whole, the whole being the exploration of the relations between his characters or of their relations to a central situation or theme." (Allen, pp114.) In Northanger Abbey, Austen intended to reflect a contrast between a normal, healthy-natured girl and the romantic heroines of fiction thorough the use of characterization. By portraying the main character, Catherine Moorland, as a girl slightly affected with romantic notions, Jane Austen exhibits the co... ...ne show his sensibility. His imagination and creativity motivate him to read Gothic romances and to indulge in the effects that his inventive tales produce. His decision to marry Catherine is motivated by feelings of love that further exemplifies his sensibility. Throughout the novel the readers see an excellent display of Henry's ability to maintain equilibrium between the two qualities. He passes his knowledge onto Catherine to help her to become a better person. At the end of the novel it is apparent that Henry has taught the keys of his success to Catherine. Works Cited Allen, Walter. The English Novel. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1954. Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. 1818. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2000. Prewitt Brown, Julia. Jane Austen's Novels Social Change and Literary Reform. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Thesis topic: Violence in the Movies

Studies have recognized a direct link showing the effects of movie violence exposure and the increase in violent crimes and behavior involving today's children. Positive evidence points to the fact that the high quantity of violence in movies and on television has harmful consequence on today's youth. Reiner (1999) states, â€Å"Of course we can point fingers at Hollywood† (p28); however, the responsibility lies with all of us. With the constant exposure to violent crimes on television and in movies, it is shown to make it more acceptable in the minds of our youth to act cruel or violent toward others in various ways. Hollywood is responsible for too much violence in movies and there is a need for creative executives to take responsibility for what they produce. It is everyone's responsibility to address this issue (Reiner, 1999). The mind set seems to be that the T. V. bad person did it and got away with it, I can too. Over time, it becomes less of an issue, no big deal. What or who is hurt or damaged does not matter any longer. With the inability to differentiate between real and pretend, good and bad, right and wrong the inappropriate behaviors, crudeness, obscenity, physical violence, law breaking, anger, and hatred to name a few increase significantly. According to Harbert (1993), his three-year-old daughter Emily â€Å"totally changed the way I look at television. † What our children see on television does affect them (Allen, 2004). With this increase, the seriousness of offences amplifies to further deteriorate the behavior of our youth. Conclusion: Close consideration must be paid to decreasing violence on television for the long-term benefit of our children. The negative effects of the continued exposure to violent movies and television shows are proven to have a permanent effect on how conflicts are resolved. Quotation and Paraphrase from Article 1 Direct Quotation: Reiner (1999) states, â€Å"Of course we can point fingers at Hollywood. † Paraphrase of above quotation: Hollywood is responsible for too much violence in movies and there is a need for creative executives to take responsibility for what they produce. It is everyone's responsibility to address this issue (Reiner,1999). Quotation and Paraphrase from Article 2 Direct Quotation: According to Harbert (1993), his three-year-old daughter Emily â€Å"totally changed the way I look at television. † Paraphrase of above quotation: What our children see on television does affect them (Allen, 2004).

Ways of understanding.

Ways of understanding. Of the six ways of thinking, I have to say that I use perspective the most. I often ask, why does that happen, why does it work this way? It ties in with self-knowledge. The way that I was brought up and the environment that I am in defines the way that I look at things. The metacognition shapes what choices I could make or not make.An example of myself using self-knowledge and metacognition is when I want to study for an English exam, for instance, I may be aware at the time, that your study session will be more productive if you work in the quiet library or a similar study-suitable environment, rather than at home where there are many distractions. The knowledge of the task variables includes knowledge about the nature of the task as well as the type of demands that will occur during the process; this all will in-turn be place upon individual.This image was selected as a picture of the week o...Depending on the assignment, I may know that it will take me longer to comprehend a phys ics explanation longer that an English text.There may be several ways of approaching the topic at hand, and to pick one, I may use application. I would use it to determine how my way of thinking should change for this matter. The other way can possibly be the most suitable for the task and help me complete it with ease, as opposed to if I were to undertake the issue with a different mind-set, such as thinking that I may not totally understand it, and indeed I may not fully be able to comprehend it. Resulting I may give up for the moment and go to a different topic, then with a different mind state I can advance on the assignment.Empathy is a way of understanding that I very seldom use. To fully use this way, I should ask what the contributor was trying to make me feel during the experience. I may do this if it were the assignment for a class, namely English; however I would not normally consider how I feel or am meant to feel during a reading or another form of expression. If I were reflecting on previous experiences, then I would consider the views that another person has. I would do this to find out why Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence the way that he did. In the style and tone that he considered to be moving for the people who would support him and many others in depending the colonies from the tyrannical ruler. To understand it even more, I would question myself what do I need to experience if I am to understand? A possible response would be that the people needed a way to live that they could raise their families in. they needed a reliable source of wealth. If Britain were to engage in a conflict with another European power, then the colonies would suffer and many could possibly starve.

Valuable 3000 Word Essay Assistance

Valuable 3000 Word Essay Assistance 3000 word essay CONTENTS: Consider the Following Tips on 3000 Word Essay Writing Sample  on  3000 Word Essay What is the best tool of completing papers? It is an expiring deadline. Nevertheless, you should not get into a panic. We will help you go through the writing process and prepare a superior 3000 word essay. When students get their assignments, they think that they will do them step by step every day. However, due to a great deal of work to do, learners put producing their papers aside. Then, they realize that only a few hours are left to prepare your piece of writing. Moreover, it has to be produced in the best way. It is obvious that you should do your assignment beforehand. Nonetheless, if you have faced such a situation, you should adhere to helpful guidelines to do everything properly. Consider the Following Tips on 3000 Word Essay Writing Introductory Section It is sometimes very hard to write an introduction as it is the first paragraph. However, if you produce a clear outline, you will know what to do and how. When writing an introductory paragraph, you should present the topic of your 3000 words essay. You may also provide a few details about the analyzed issue. Moreover, it is necessary to formulate the main idea and show how you are going to explore it. Research Stage The next step is to collect material on the examined matter. When writing an essay it is very helpful to use quotes to support the stated facts. You should set a time frame for researching the issue. The point is that there is a large amount of information on the web. Thus, it is very easy to get confused and spend much time gathering unnecessary facts. You should pick some keywords for making online search efficiently. Furthermore, you need to fix time for looking through journals and collecting useful material for college papers. You may also use online books to find suitable quotations. It will save you much time as not every student may sit for hours reading long paragraphs to find great ideas for the paper. Remember to indicate all the used sources in order not to be accused of plagiarism. Make a proper reference page. When producing your college essay, you may use quotes of different scholars. Then, you should indicate the source containing particular citations in your references. Thus, it will be clear that you take the assignment seriously. Writing Process When essay preparation is completed, it is high time to start typing your paper. Do not forget to stick to the word count stated in the assignment. It is very useful to have a little rest during the writing procedure. Therefore, you will be able to express your thoughts clearly. As to the writing style, you should not worry about it. You can make all the necessary changes later. You should use the gathered facts to support your ideas. Take a close look at the essay outline to make sure that you will not miss any points. When an essay introduction is written, you should begin producing the following section. There is no need to panic if you cannot reach the required word limit. Check whether you have provided enough arguments to support the presented ideas. Have you missed anything? Then, you should continue researching the issue. If your body paragraphs provide enough information on the analyzed subject, you will easily reach the word count. Essay Editing Make sure that you have discussed the issue fully. Check whether the presented ideas are supported by sound arguments. Thus, you will not encounter any difficulties with writing a good essay conclusion. In addition, you need to find out whether your thoughts are expressed logically. Are there easy transitions between the paragraphs? Check the paper for spelling and grammar mistakes. Some students decide to skip this step. They do not understand that their grade depends on these items as well as on the content of the work. You do want to get an excellent grade for your piece of writing. Therefore, you should not neglect it. You should not leave preparing your 3000 word essay till the last moment. It may happen that you will not be able to produce a work of outstanding quality. However, the handy tips given above will help you write an exclusive paper and get the desired grade. Thus, you will not have to ask your professor to extend the deadline.Writing a 3000-Word Essay without Problems Undoubtedly, writing a 3000-word essay is a particularly challenging and time-consuming process that requires maximum attention. Usually, such projects are assigned at the end of courses to check the knowledge and skills of the student attained throughout the semester. Many students reasonably consider this task as very complex since a lot of aspects including the content, the formatting, grammar, and many others, should be taken into consideration. What if we tell you that writing a 3000-word essay can be very easy? The following article will teach you how to write a brilliant paper. Simple Steps of the Writing Process Having a good plan is a must to write a perfect 3000-word essay. As such, you have to take this assignment very seriously and start preparing it once you receive the topic. Remember that procrastination will reduce your chances to get the desired grade. Also, you need to take care of lowering your stress by taking all the distractors away. To feed your brain, try to eat only healthy food such as nuts, coconut, bananas, oatmeal, etc. The researchers have already proved that heavy food does not allow to concentrate on the writing process properly. Choose a good place for work. This place should be quiet and have a minimum of distractors. If you cannot work at home properly, you can do it in the library or school. We assure you that choosing the place that is not comfortable enough will contribute to fast tiring and losing the focus. As it was already mentioned, distractors are inhibitors of your progress. Undoubtedly, the Internet can be considered as the most serious distractor since it takes much time and brings no positive outcome. As such, if you want to get a positive grade for your 3000-word essay, you need to forget about chatting with your friends or scrolling your Instagram feed. Instead, you have to focus on your topic. If you have only a few days to complete your assignment, time-management is an inevitable instrument that will allow you to do it effortlessly. As such, you need to create a plan with your short-term goals and follow it point by point. This plan should also include coffee breaks because, like any other human, you need to have some rest. If you are allowed to choose the topic, take it seriously. Undoubtedly, a 3000-word paper is an extremely serious task, so you should take care of every its detail, especially the topic. As such, it should be relevant to your discipline and interesting to your reader. Conduct some research. When the topic is chosen, make sure to find good sources related to it. Working with them, you need to write down all bibliographical details because you will have to mention all sources mentioned in your reference page. Undoubtedly, the research may take some time, but you should not neglect this stage since it is particularly important for writing a good paper. Write an outline. When the research is done, you already know how you will organize your essay. Create the outline and it will help you not to miss the important points. Organize your essay properly. The organization of the essay depends on the type of the paper, formatting style required, and many other aspects. However, almost all essays should have three major parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. An introduction should clearly demonstrate the scope of your research. Introduce your topic to your reader and make sure it is interesting and engaging. Moreover, an introduction also contains a thesis statement. It is the most meaningful sentence that makes a claim that will be proved or disapproved in your paper. The introduction is usually followed by the body. The body of your paper is a part in which you demonstrate your understanding of the topic, as well as describe the process of research. It consists of a few meaningful paragraphs and each of them should be dedicated to one sub-topic. A conclusion is a part, in which you need to restate the key theses and claims discovered in your essay. A good conclusion also outlines the scope for further research.

Economics - to develop an understanding of what has happened in the Essay

Economics - to develop an understanding of what has happened in the economy of the United Kingdom over the last two years - Essay Example eported the gross domestic product rose by 0.2 percent in the quarter ending June 30th, which brought down the annual GDP rate to 1.6 percent from 2.3 percent in the first quarter this year (Duncan, 2008). United Kingdom is one of the most developed countries in the world and has made a mark for itself throughout the world. United Kingdom comprises of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The capital of England London is rated as the world’s most expensive city. According to Professor Bean’s (Bank of England chief) bleak assessment, the United Kingdom has seen an undisturbed and unbroken expansion for over sixteen years and as mentioned earlier the country is starting to face recession. Almost every country has been facing an economic slowdown since the market crash in 1970s however there have been strong efforts from almost every economy to ensure the economies get back into stable positions. United Kingdoms has held the fifth position in the global economies however the risk of the recession since the 1990s is now growing for the country and the living costs are also growing along with this. This has made it difficult for the Bank of England to cut down the interest ra tes and is causing a lot of issues with the Labour governments’ handling the economy as the public is extremely dissatisfied with the growing interest rates (Reuters, 2008). It has been noted by economist James Knightley at ING that the growing credit crunch and the rising food and energy prices is disrupting the growth of the country and there is no solution to this by the fiscal and monetary policies. This slowdown was triggered by the biggest drop in the construction sector during 2005. This resulted in a drop in the decline in the building industry which converted the decade long housing boom into slums. The government however did its bit by contributing to the infrastructure projects which helped the industry stabilise and get back into action. The service sector contributes to almost

Where do toll road fees go Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Where do toll road fees go - Essay Example gh state law states that it is up to the county attorney to decide what to do with the funds collected, it is only common sense to suggest that the funds are put back into the local county transportation system. Stafford suggested that the law does not provide any provisions for having to use it all on the toll road. Yes, that is correct, but the fact remains that not a single cent is put back into the toll road. Where the money actually goes is to provide parties for county events and also to pay employees of the local county. I believe that there should be more accountability on the part of the county attorney. What he is currently doing is almost stealing because he is using taxpayer dollars to fund something that the taxpayers have not been consulted about. Not all of the toll road fines fund needs to be put back into the toll road, but a significant portion of it needs to be used so there is

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Government - Essay Example In spite of the deliberate effort to keep political parties out, the United States was the first nation to have formally recognized political parties as far back as in 1800. These political parties gained executive powers through elections, and in thirty years political parties were an indispensable part of the American political system. A political party has been defined as â€Å"an autonomous group of citizens having the purpose of making nominations and contesting elections in hope of gaining control over governmental power through the capture of public offices and the organization of the government† (Hukshorn, 1984). Presently, there are two main political parties in the United States -- the Republican and Democratic parties. All elected representatives, whether they be president, congressional representative, state governor or state legislator have to members of either of these two parties. There is no denying the fact that the two-party system in the United States has emerged as a result or reflection of the desire of the electorate that is the people. In other nations of the world which have a two-party system, each party represents conflicting ideological perspectives. In the United States, however, the two parties have tended not to adhere strictly to any one ideology or policy objectives. â€Å"Generally, Republicans have tended to support limiting federal powers and protecting the authority of state and local governments, to take a conservative approach to taxation and spending, and to oppose government interference with free enterprise. In contrast, Democrats have tended to take a more expansive view of the powers of the federal government, to support raising and spending money to address social ills on a national basis, and to favour federal regulation as a tool to improve business practices† (Bibby, 2004). The problem

Abnormal Psychology Essay Example for Free

Abnormal Psychology Essay Jeffrey Dahmer was a sex offender and serial killer mainly between the years 1978 and 1991. He is well known for his severely atypical behaviors. Among his outward manners that are recognized as abnormal are paraphilia-specifically necrophilia and sexual sadism. Jeffrey Dahmer’s victims, whom were boys and men, suffered from rape, violence, dismemberment and finally their murders. Dahmer’s slow progression of killings soon turned into an obsession, which would later land him in prison with a sentence for fifteen life terms or a total of 957 years in prison. Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer was born to Joyce and Lionel Dahmer in Wisconsin, and eight years later moved with his family to Ohio. In his younger years, between the ages of ten and fifteen, Jeffrey became more and more antisocial; he was very quiet and socially distant from his family members and had signs of anhedonia (loss of interest in hobbies and interactions with people). Discovered later, this behavior may have been caused by peers at school consistently mocking Jeffrey without him putting up any defense for himself. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay His fetishes and discoveries of unique hobbies began in a biology class in 9th grade where Jeffrey and his classmates dissected a fetal pig. At the end of the class, Jeffrey collected the remains of the pig and returned to the house, deciding to keep its skeleton. Dahmer’s fascination with this initial incident began to grow and carry over to other animals, such as dogs and cats. In an interview with Stone Phillips Dahmer says, â€Å"There may have been some violence involved, some underlying subconscious feelings of violence I just it was a compulsion, it became a compulsion. As this continued throughout his teenage years, Jeffrey Dahmer began to consume alcohol regularly. In the same interview he admits, â€Å"I was drinking a lot during that time and just, I don’t know, looking for some way to find some fulfillment, some pleasure and I acted on my fantasies and that’s where everything went wrong. † Soon, his alcoholism, too, got out of hand and he became an alcoholic while still finishing high school. Jeffrey Dahmer attempted to attend college at Ohio State University, but his lost of interest in attending classes combined with his heavy consumption of alcohol caused him to drop out after only a quarter of a semester. During this time, his parents, Joyce and Lionel got divorced. Jeffrey’s father made him join the Army after dropping out of Ohio State, but after a couple years, his alcohol problem again caused him to be removed. After being discharged from the Army, Dahmer decided against facing his father so he decided to live in Miami, Florida where the majority of his time was spent in a hospital. In 1981 Jeffrey Dahmer was first arrested for public intoxication. In 1982, Jeffrey went back to Wisconsin to live with his grandmother. Late nights, alcohol binges, and belligerent behavior characterized his time living there. His grandmother was tolerant of his peculiar behavior at first, which included several strange incidences: she had found a male mannequin dressed up in Jeffrey’s closet, a . 357 Magnum under his bed, and she could recall many instances where awful smells would waft from the basement. Dahmer once claimed that the terrible smell was from a squirrel that he had caught, killed, and dissolved with chemicals. (Dahmer’s father was chemist, and this claim was made from Jeffery to his father; it seems as though Jeffery told his father so that he would be proud of him). Jeffrey was arrested again in 1982 and in 1986, both times for indecent exposure. The second offense that he was arrested for in 1986 was for masturbation in front of two young males. It was only two years later that Jeffrey’s so-far-tolerant grandmother told him that he could not live with her anymore due to the many strange happenings. Jeffrey was arrested in the same year, 1988, for sexually fondling and drugging a young teenage boy (age thirteen); for this, he was put on probation for five years and for one year he was assigned to a work release camp where he was registered as a sex offender from the incident with the thirteen year old boy. Due to good behavior and a built up trust with the authorities, Dahmer was paroled from his work release camp two months early. Jeffrey Dahmer began killing at age eighteen, which was during the summer of 1978. Since this was after his parent’s divorce, Dahmer’s mother no longer lived at the same house and his father was away for business duties. Jeffrey had brought a man over to the house offering to drink alcohol with him, and when the man tried to leave, Jeffrey beat him to death with a ten-pound weight to the head. Dahmer did not murder again until nine years later where he killed a man randomly after picking him up; Dahmer said he could not recollect anything about this murder. After the second murder, Jeffrey Dahmer’s killings increased dramatically adding two more to the same year (1989), five the following year (1990), and several after that. On July 22, 1991 Jeffrey Dahmer was arrested for the alleged 17 murders (which would later be reduced to 15). Psychological Functioning: Jeffrey Dahmer is a unique human being who struggled with necrophilia, which is having sexual attraction to corpses. Upon arrest, officers found many severed heads, dismembered body parts, an altar made of skeletons, and several corpses. This makes Dahmer seem like a collector in a way, but I think that his collections go beyond what people might consider a just a fetish. Often, those who are diagnosed with necrophilia behave in this was because they strongly desire to have full possession of and control over someone without the person resisting or refraining from being with them. I think this is a lot of what Jeffrey Dahmer dealt with in his life because he confesses it himself in his interview with Stone Phillips saying, â€Å"The only motive that there ever was- was to completely control a person, a person that I found physically attractive and keep them with me as long as possible, even if that meant just keeping a part of them. † Another reason for necrophilia could be a person’s desire for increased self-esteem; being attracted to a corpse was the only way Jeffrey could avoid rejection. As we know that Jeffrey was teased and picked on when he was young and during his teenage years, I think that his murders and necrophilia are related to these difficult times in his life. I think that once he established that he could have control over his victims, he went on a power trip and began to obsess over the supremacy he felt when he was controlling someone. It is reported that during the times that Dahmer was picked on and mocked in school, he never stood up for himself and never fought back. I think this led to an internalization of his feelings. He most likely built up some hostility to those people who tormented him and took advantage of him. Jeffrey Dahmer also began his attraction to males in his teenage years as he reports going to gay bars and bath clubs. The combination of his withheld anger and aggression towards his tormentors and the frustration that came from being attracted to men could have very well led to his outward aggression and finally to his killing spree. When Jeffrey talks about the things that he would do to victims, especially evident in his first crime, his pattern began to develop and it is in direct correlation to these things: he would seek out men (doing whatever it took to draw their attention), he would get them alone one way or another (either by bring them to the house or drugging them), and after having sex with them or taking advantage of them in whatever way he found pleasurable he would kill them. While he found it enjoyable to partake in sexual encounters while them men ere still alive, Jeffrey Dahmer found himself even more attracted to the corpses of those men and he found it fascinating to dismember them and keep just â€Å"a part of them. † I believe that this is where his necrophilia came from. In Jeffrey’s first murder we can see the power struggle where he desired to have sex with the man who wanted to leave. Through his sexual desires, Dahmer channeled his anger that he was being rejected and he lashed out and beat the man to death in the head with a ten-pound dumbbell. This extreme behavior is what leads me to believe that he showed signs of sadism. A sexual sadist finds pleasure in inflicting physical pain on someone and watching him or her suffer. I also can see that maybe Dahmer was frustrated with his sexual desires toward men and he felt his only way to stop this was to destroy the root of the problem; unfortunately, Jeffrey saw the men he was attracted to as his problem and in his desire to eliminate his problem he began killing the men who made him feel this way. In some ways, I am also convinced that Jeffrey Dahmer was competent and could take full responsibility of the killings because of his strategic behavior. His victims and murders were not random. Dahmer was also able to recognize that he was not completely satisfied in his initial encounters with the male species and when those things were no longer enough for him, he started purchasing sleeping pills in order to first drug his victims so that he could then take advantage of them. If Jeffrey Dahmer was not sane and competent than this organized behavior would not be evident in his tendencies. In the interview with Stone Phillips, Dahmer says, â€Å"After the second time, it seemed like the compulsion to do it was too strong and I didn’t even try to stop it after that; but before the second time, things had been building up gradually: going to bookstores, going to the bars- the gay bars, bath clubs; when that wasn’t enough, buying sleeping pills using it on various guys in the bath clubs. It just escaladed slowly but surely and after the second time which was not planned, it was out of control—it felt like it was out of control. The way that he uses his words here implies that he does take responsibility and that he fully knew what he was doing; as he says, â€Å"it was out of control—it felt like it was out of control,† he recognizes that he had the ability to make a choice and he chose to sexually victimize the men he was attracted to and then kill them. I am convinced that all of the things mentioned above lend themselves to his atypical functioning, but one thing that was not addressed was his parent’s role in all of this. Although they were divorced and parted during a time in Jeffrey’s life where he was having difficulties in other areas, I do not think that this was an issue or trigger to any of his behaviors. In an interview Jeffrey actually defends his parents saying that it makes him mad when people accuse them of playing any role in his decisions because they were not even aware of the type of issues Jeffrey was dealing with. From what Dahmer admits, we know that it was a gradual escalation of compulsive feelings that led to his abnormal behaviors. On November 28, 1994 while in prison, Jeffrey was beaten by an inmate and died from head trauma.